The Impact of Political Polarization on Social Cohesion: A Case Study of Keffi LGA, Nasarawa State
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Political polarization has emerged as a significant challenge to democratic governance and social cohesion in many countries, including Nigeria. In recent years, increasing ideological divisions, ethno-religious tensions, and partisan conflicts have deepened societal fractures, undermining national unity. In Keffi Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State, political polarization manifests through heightened electoral competition, exclusionary political rhetoric, and deep-seated mistrust among various social groups. These divisions threaten community relationships, reduce cooperation between citizens, and weaken democratic institutions.
Scholars have argued that political polarization in Nigeria is exacerbated by elite manipulation, identity politics, and the proliferation of misinformation (Olanrewaju & Abdul, 2024). Social cohesion, which refers to the ability of diverse groups to coexist harmoniously, is crucial for political stability and development. However, when polarization intensifies, it can lead to violence, social unrest, and weakened trust in governance structures. In Keffi LGA, tensions between political factions have led to electoral violence, voter suppression, and the marginalization of certain communities in governance processes. Understanding how political polarization affects social cohesion is essential for designing policies that promote unity, inclusivity, and conflict resolution in the region.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite Nigeria’s democratic progress, political polarization remains a major impediment to social cohesion in Keffi LGA. The deep divisions between political parties and ethnic groups have resulted in increased hostility, reduced intergroup trust, and frequent electoral disputes (Olanrewaju & Abdul, 2024). The absence of effective conflict resolution mechanisms has further exacerbated tensions, leading to cycles of violence and political instability. While previous studies have examined polarization at the national level, limited research has been conducted on its local impacts in Keffi LGA. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate how political polarization affects social cohesion, with a view to identifying strategies for mitigating its negative consequences.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To analyze the extent of political polarization in Keffi LGA.
2. To examine the impact of polarization on social cohesion and community relationships.
3. To identify policy strategies for reducing political polarization and promoting social harmony.
1.4 Research Questions
1. How polarized is the political landscape in Keffi LGA?
2. What impact does political polarization have on social cohesion in the region?
3. What strategies can be adopted to mitigate polarization and foster unity?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1. Political polarization significantly weakens social cohesion in Keffi LGA.
2. Increased political divisions lead to higher incidences of social unrest and conflict.
3. Community engagement and inclusive governance can reduce the negative effects of polarization.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it provides a localized understanding of political polarization and its effects on social cohesion in Keffi LGA, Nasarawa State. By analyzing the extent and consequences of polarization, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and civil society organizations working to promote national unity and peaceful coexistence. The research highlights how political divisions shape electoral processes, governance, and intergroup relations, contributing to broader discussions on democratic stability in Nigeria.
Furthermore, the findings of this study will help in the formulation of policies aimed at fostering political tolerance, reducing electoral violence, and strengthening social harmony in Keffi LGA. As polarization often leads to conflicts and weakens democratic institutions, understanding its root causes and proposing mitigation strategies will support efforts to build a more inclusive political environment. Additionally, this study contributes to academic discourse by filling the gap in literature on localized manifestations of political polarization, serving as a reference for future research on the subject.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to Keffi Local Government Area in Nasarawa State and focuses on the impact of political polarization on social cohesion. It examines the extent of polarization, its effects on intergroup relationships, and possible policy interventions to mitigate its negative consequences. The research does not extend to other LGAs or states, and its findings are specific to Keffi LGA. Limitations may include potential biases in respondents' perspectives, difficulty in obtaining accurate data on political divisions, and challenges in measuring social cohesion quantitatively.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
• Political Polarization: The division of society into opposing political factions, often resulting in heightened conflicts and reduced cooperation.
• Social Cohesion: The ability of individuals and groups within a society to coexist peacefully and engage in cooperative relationships.
• Electoral Violence: Any form of violence, intimidation, or coercion that occurs before, during, or after an election, often driven by political polarization.
